How did cooperation emerge in large-scale, fluid societies? Standard theories based on direct and indirect reciprocity between self-regarding agents cannot explain the high level of impersonal exchange observed in developed market economies. Drawing upon recent research from across the behavioral sciences, we attribute the emergence of cooperation in early trade to an evolved characteristic of ...

It may perhaps seem to you as though our theories are a kind of mythology and, in the present case, not even an agreeable one. But does not every science come in the end to a kind of mythology?” These words, addressed to Albert Einstein, were written by Sigmund Freud in 1932, seven years before his death. In his New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, published in the same year, the compar...

While it was customary to express animal instincts in terms of human behavior, one of us many years ago began to replace this anthropomorphic. method by the objective and quantitative methods of the physicist. These methods were most easily applicable in the case of those instincts familiar to every layman in which animals were apparently attracted or repelled by light. Loeb1 was able to expres...

Model-free and model-based reinforcement learning have provided a successful framework for understanding both human behavior and neural data. These two systems are usually thought to compete for control of behavior. However, it has also been proposed that they can be integrated in a cooperative manner. For example, the Dyna algorithm uses model-based replay of past experience to train the model...

Evolutionary psychology holds great promise as one of the possible pillars on which information systems theorizing can take place. Arguably, evolutionary psychology can provide the key to many counterintuitive predictions of behavior toward technology, because many of the evolved instincts that influence our behavior are below our level of conscious awareness; often those instincts lead to beha...

This particular work will discuss the psychoanalytical view in of Rama Mehta. Psychoanalyses expand a theory conscious, subconscious and unconscious that associates with nature human behavior. As it is noticed all behaviors are provoked by impel or instincts, which consequences neurological demonstrations physical needs. Here different characters analyzed from psychoanalytic point revealing con...