The Athel tree, Tamarix aphylla (L), can potentially be used as a biomass crop to help manage saline subsurface drainage water in arid land irrigated agriculture. In this study, Athel wood was used to manufacture medium-density particleboard with an aim of developing new applications for the saline wood. The research investigated the effects of different types of adhesives, particle sizes, bark...

The hot-air/hot-steam process was used for the first time as a combined pre-pressing and pre-heating system for the production of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) at the pilot scale. Pre-heating systems are designed to pre-heat fiber mats before pressing by hot-presses. Using such techniques, pressing times are reduced significantly and the board properties are influenced positively; both are e...

Investigations have continued for production high performance agro-based composites using environmentally acceptable approaches. This study examines the role of adding amide-containing biopolymers during synthesis of urea–formaldehyde (UF) on properties of adhesive produced, especially its adhesion potential. The environmental performance of UF-resin synthesized in the presence of modified amid...

The rapid development of Internet and electronic businesses have stimulated the banking sector towards encouraging customers to internet banking (IB), However, the evidence indicates a lack of interest in the use of IB services. Therefore, this paper aims to identify affecting factors on customer adoption from IB and measure the influence of each factor on IB adoption. Based on an explorative l...

Background and objectives:Gamma-irradiation is used vastly for both decontamination and sterilization of natural products; but these high-energy rays can affect heat-sensitive essential oils. Methods: The oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia carterii (Burseraceae) was sterilized by γ-irradiation at dose 30 KGy. The essential oils obtained...

The flexural creep behavior of oriented strandboards (OSB) fabricated with mixed high, density hardwood flakes was investigated. Three types of adhesives, liquid phenolic-formaldehyde (LPF), melamine modified urea-formaldehyde (MUF),.and LPF (face)/MUF (core) were chosen in this investigation. The resin contents (RC) used were 3.5 percent and 5.0 percent. The flakes prepared from white oak, sou...

Effects of two different modified treatments were investigated relative to the chemical and mechanical properties pretreated corn stalk particles their composites prepared with a lignosulfonate (ML) binder. Corn (CP) first by treating oxalic acid in ultrasonic conditions (pretreated particles, PCP). These then treatment either laccase-vanillin system ultrasound (LU) or polyethylenimine-glutaral...

To support temporal operators and to increase the efficiency of temporal queries, indexing based on temporal attributes is required. We consider the problem of indexing the temporal dimension in valid time databases. We assume that the temporal information of data objects are represented as valid time intervals that have to be managed dynamically by an efficient index structure. Unlike the time...

A technique has been developed to estimate the internal battery temperature (Tbat) of secondary batteries by measuring the series battery resistance R ) at cold ambient temperatures. Tests were performed on both lead-acid and nickel metal hydride batteries at different cold temperatures to B btain useful plots of RB versus Tbat. RB was measured by using a pulse discharge circuit to apply a shor...