An experimental model for cytoplasmic organization is presented. We demonstrate dynamic control over protein distribution within synthetic cells comprising a lipid bilayer membrane surrounding an aqueous polymer solution. This polymer solution generally exists as two immiscible aqueous phases. Protein partitioning between these phases leads to microcompartmentation, or heterogeneous protein dis...

The shape of the air flow in the interior is heavily influenced by the air distribution system and the way air enters and exits. By numerically simulating flow by computational fluid dynamics, one can determine the flow pattern and temperature distribution and, with the help of the results, provide an optimal design of the air conditioning system. In this study, a chamber was first constructed ...

Interior point methods and random walk approaches have been long considered disparate approaches for convex optimization. We show how simulated annealing, one of the most common random walk algorithms, is equivalent, in a certain sense, to the central path interior point algorithm applied to the entropic universal barrier function. Using this observation we improve the state of the art in polyn...

The aim of the study is to develop a model for the energy balance of buildings that includes the effect from the radiation properties of interior and exterior surfaces of the building envelope. As a first step we have used ice arenas as case study objects to investigate the importance of interior low emissivity surfaces. Measurements have been done in two ice arenas in the north part of Sweden,...

[1] We have developed a thermal model of Titan’s interior to study changes in volume during partial freezing or melting of a subsurface ocean due to heat flux variations from the interior. We find that the long‐term cooling of Titan can cause global volume contraction DV/V ∼0.01. We then simulate two‐dimensional contractional deformation of Titan’s icy lithosphere, finding that contractional de...

NGC6543 is one of the few planetary nebulae (PNe) whose X-ray emission has been shown to be extended and originate from hot interior gas. Using FUSE observations we have now detected nebular O VI emission from NGC6543. Its central star, with an effective temperature of ∼50,000 K, is too cool to photoionize O V, so the O VI ions must have been produced by thermal collisions at the interface betw...

The natural history of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is poorly understood and confounded by domestication. In nature, S. cerevisiae and its undomesticated relative S. paradoxus are usually found on the bark of oak trees, a habitat very different from wine or other human fermentations. It is unclear whether the oak trees are really the primary habitat for wild yeast, or whether this a...

Carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) is an important proxy for reconstructing marine sulfur cycling throughout Earth's history. In order to assess the impact of carbonate neomorphism on δ34SCAS data, a mineralogical-spatial transect from early diagenetic limestone into low-temperature hydrothermal dolostone was analyzed in middle Triassic Latemar platform interior, northern Italy. This study addr...