This article explains why the collective determination of interchange fees in payment platforms and in ATM networks can lead to ine¢ ciencies in the substitution between payment cards and cash. If the issuers are ATM owners, I show that the pro…t maximising interchange fees re‡ect the trade-o¤ that banks make between the pro…ts on foreign withdrawals and the possibility to save the costs of cas...

OBJECTIVE Reinventing data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs) to meet new analytical needs is slow and expensive. However, each new data research network that wishes to support its own analytics tends to develop its own data model. Joining these different networks without new data extraction, transform, and load (ETL) processes can reduce the time and expense needed to participate...

“...I did develop...a kind of root down in Atlanta,” confided Hale Woodruff during an oral history interview, “You may have heard of it. It was called the ‘Outhouse School’ and, frankly, it was given such a name as this by one of the press writers because we used to paint landscapes in and around Atlanta in our art classes and the hillsides were just dotted with outdoor toilets” (1). The unders...

Online registration available here [4]. Online registration closes Monday, 20 April 2015. Offline registration available here [5]. Education course description available here [6]. View prices here [7]. Exhibitor Information available here. [8] Sponsorship opportunities available here [9]. *Internet sponsorship opportunity available*.

Online registration available here [4]. Online registration closes Monday, 20 April 2015. Offline registration available here [5]. Education course description available here [6]. View prices here [7]. Exhibitor Information available here. [8] Sponsorship opportunities available here [9]. *Internet sponsorship opportunity available*.

We propose that XML should be used as an interchange language for system dynamics models and we have designed and implemented a demonstration that we call XMILE. We believe that there will be many benefits for the system dynamics community in developing a full-scale interchange language. This paper discusses the motivation factors behind the idea of developing an interchange language for system...

A high-resolution stochastic time-to-digital converter (STDC) using an edge-interchange scheme is described. The proposed STDC provides a higher resolution but consumes less power than previous STDCs that gave the same resolution. The limitation on input phase difference caused by the arbiter and the edge-interchange circuit is analyzed. Simulated results show that for the task proposed herein,...

This paper compares two data interchange formats currently used by industry applications; XML and JSON. The choice of an adequate data interchange format can have significant consequences on data transmission rates and performance. We describe the language specifications and their respective setting of use. A case study is then conducted to compare the resource utilization and the relative perf...