It is well-known that nouns denoting the human body or parts of it are an important source of polysemy in the languages of the world. One such example, the development of Georgian tav’head’ into a reflexive anaphor, is the object of the present paper. After a typological overview of reflexivization strategies in Georgian, we present an account, both synchronic and diachronic, of the rise of var...

Unbiased language is a requirement for reference sources like encyclopedias and scientific texts. Bias is, nonetheless, ubiquitous, making it crucial to understand its nature and linguistic realization and hence detect bias automatically. To this end we analyze real instances of human edits designed to remove bias from Wikipedia articles. The analysis uncovers two classes of bias: framing bias,...

The design, construction, and performance of a streamer-chamber system for the study of inelastic proton-proton collisions at the CERN ISR are described. The chambers have specially shaped ground electrodes to accommodate the ISR vacuum chamber and to obtain an almost 4r~ solid angle. Problems arising from the non-fiat electrodes and the insertion of converter plates into the sensitive volume o...

This paper describes our system participating in task 18 of SemEval-2010, i.e. disambiguating SentimentAmbiguous Adjectives (SAAs). To disambiguating SAAs, we compare the machine learning-based and lexiconbased methods in our submissions: 1) Maximum entropy is used to train classifiers based on the annotated Chinese data from the NTCIR opinion analysis tasks, and the clause-level and sentence-l...

Advances in solid state technologies have led to a range of CCD cameras from inexpensive video cameras to expensive scientific digital camera systems. The best choice (best value for money) depends heavily on the application. A state-of-the-art camera’s performance is limited by two fundamental laws of nature. Spatial resolution is limited by diffraction and noise is limited by quantum physics....

Charge-coupled device ~CCD! area x-ray detector technology is reviewed. CCD detectors consist of a serial chain of signal components, such as phosphors, fiber optics or lenses, image intensifiers and the CCD which serve to convert the x-ray energy to light or electron-hole pairs and to record the spatially resolved image. The various combinations of components that have been used to make CCD de...

Focusing on the examples of multiple degree modification, this paper argues that the class of degree expressions in English is syntactically and semantically diverse, subdivided both according to the semantic effects of its members and according to the extent to which they permit, and participate in, multiple layers of modification. We argue that these two factors are linked, and result in (at ...

In this paper, we design an automated system that predicts the impact of central bank communications on investors’ interest rate expectations. Our corpus is the Bank of England’s ‘Monetary Policy Committee Minutes'. Prior studies suggest that effective communications can mitigate a financial crisis; ineffective communications may exacerbate one. The system described here works in four phases. F...

Pigments are compounds with characteristics of importance to many industries. In the food industry they are used as additives, color intensifiers, antioxidants, etc. Pigments come in a wide variety of colors, some of which are water-soluble [1]. The production colorant from biological agents for food and textile has attracted increased interests in recent years. Nature produces many biocolorant...