Europe is the leading continent in terms of active adoption and use of Digital Libraries – particularly Institutional Repositories (IRs). Africa has not done poorly in this area with a steady increase from 19 repositories in 2008 to 46 in January, 2011 but there is need to raise awareness and channel efforts towards making IRs easily accessible to Africans through ubiquitous channels such as ha...

The cosmic infrared background (CIRB) is a record of a large fraction of the emission of light by stars and galaxies over time. The bulk of this emission has been resolved by the Infrared Space Observatory camera. The dominant contributors are bright starburst galaxies with redshift z approximately 0.8; that is, in the same redshift range as the active galactic nuclei responsible for the bulk o...

This article mainly seeks to provide a framework to help us reach a better understanding of the nature, causes and grounds of increasing administrative corruption in developing countries. In this regard, the author identifies six approaches to administrative corruption and surveys issues related to the rise of corruption within these context. These approaches include cost-benefit, relative depr...

Of recent interest is the capacity of international health agencies to adapt to changes in the global health environment and country needs. Yet, little is known about the potential benefits of using social science institutional theory, such as path dependency and institutional change theory, to explain why some international agencies, such as the WHO and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculo...

in this paper, we analysis the concept and importance of property rights in classical and institutional economic thought schools. in doing so, we analysis the thoughts of luck, adam smith, say, ricardo, malthus, mill, marx, engels, marshal (some classical economists), coase, demsetz, north, and dosoto (some new institutional economists). the results of the paper revealed that: 1) classical econ...

doing centralized and coherent activities between governmental agencies is essential at any level. creating suitable institutional structure for appropriate solutions of policy problem in natural resources at multiple levels is possible using application of network governance. the aim of this paper is institutional network analysis with co-management of zagros dry forests in regional (county) l...

one dimension approach for management has been resulted in many challenges in order to sustainable policy. network governance and ultra-structure insight implication could remedy some of challenges of sustainable development. the aim of this paper is analysis of institutional network with co-management of sorkheh hesar national park in tehran province. quantitative approaches are used for this ...

The first experimental SAM for Iran was constructed more than three decades ago under the supervision of Prof. Pyatt. Based on this work Prof Pyatt had observed that the way in which Iran was spending oil revenues was likely to exacerbate urban—rural income differentials in Iran. In his approach to SAM he did not distinguish between factorial and institutional income distributions preferring to...

Urban water systems will be increasingly challenged under future climates and global pressures. Meeting challenges by reconfiguring water systems to integrate supplies and deliver multifunctional uses is technically well described. Adjusting the institutions that frame the management of these systems is not well operationalized in practice or conceptualized in theory. This study seeks to addres...