An ecological risk assessment (ERA) was conducted for Shadegan Wetland in Iran. The objective of this study was to assess the risk to phytoplankton, zooplankton, invertebrate, insect larvae, and fish affected by pesticide in Shadegan Wetland. Five pesticides (DDT, Aldrine, Dieldrin, Ametryn and Lindane) were assessed to evaluate the impact to aquatic community in the Shadegan Wetland. The risk ...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic hyperendemic disease in Isfahan. Its lesions can be solitary or multiple depending on the number of insect bites and is usually seen exposed areas. The possibility of insect bite on palpebral area is rare due to the protection by eyelashes and palpebral motion. In this area, lesions are usually presented as chalazion, dacryocystitis and rarely ulcera...

Huntington's disease (HD) is a severe inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and mental impairment. At the molecular level, HD is caused by a mutation in the first exon of the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. The mutation results in an expanded polyglutamine tract at the N-terminus of the huntingtin protein, causing the neurodegenerative...

Malaria and trypanosomiasis are vector-borne protozoal diseases which disproportionately affect the poor. Both give rise to immense human suffering; malaria exerts its effect directly on human health, while trypanosomiasis causes damage largely though its effect on the health and productivity of the livestock on which so many poor people depend. These diseases both have multifaceted and poorly ...

Ecosystems 12: 489–502. Schoeneweiss DF. 1975. Predisposition, stress, and plant disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology 1: 19–211. Shaw MW. 2009. Preparing for changes in plant disease due to climate change. Plant Protection Science 45: S3–S10. Stevens RB. 1960. In: Horsfall JG, Dimond AE, eds. Plant pathology, an advanced treatise, Vol 3. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, 357–429. Storer AJ...

nodular fasciitis of the breast is a rare benign pathology of soft tissue that is a consequence of fibroblastic hyperplasia within breast. it can mimic breast cancer clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically. a-43 year-old female with a painless mass within upper-lateral quadrant of her left breast complained of rapid and progressive growth during previous few days. no evidence of nip...

the symptoms of today’s disease can help scientist to take a diagnostic approach toward those of the ancient times. the knowledge of the survey of disease in the ancient times is called pathology. ancient pathology focuses on the source, evolution and progression of diseases in the human groups in history. in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a lot of precise and detailed descriptiv...