sugar type and growth regulators are essential fundamental components of tissue culture media. in this study, different concentrations of some carbohydrate and growth regulators during anther culture and producing somatic embryo of datura stramonium l. was investigated in ms medium. the ms medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin and 2 mgl-1 2,4-d, and also the medium supplemented with 0.25 m...

The onion maggot, Delia antiqua, is a devastating pest of liliaceous crops and current control measures fail to avert pesticide residues, threats to agroecosystem, and costly expenditures. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are used as trypetid pest chemosterilants for their suppression on adult fertility and fecundity, but their effects on onion flies are unknown. Here, three IGRs (lufenuron, cyr...

RH-0345 (halofenozide), a bisacylhydrazine derivative, is a nonsteroidal ecdysteroid agonist that mimics the action of the moulting hormones, while KK-42, an imidazole compound, is a potent inhibitor of ecdysteroid biosynthesis. Previous results suggested that the observed reduction of ecdysteroid titre, leading to a reduction of reproductive capacity in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor, is due to...

The efficacy of two novel chloronicotinyls and two novel insect growth regulators against the greenhouse whitefly [Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)] on summerplanted strawberries was evaluated in field experiments. Imidacloprid applied in soil 3 weeks after planting decreased whitefly adult numbers by 58% to 90%, first and second instars by 78% to 93% up to 56 days postapplication, and thir...

Three new insect growth regulators (IGRs) were tested against Culex, Aedes and Psorophora mosquitoes. In the laboratory the 3 IGRs were active in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 ppb against Cx. quinquefasciatus. In field tests, the IGRs fenoxycarb and S-31183 formulations yielded complete control of floodwater mosquitoes at the rates of 0.005 to 0.01 lb AI/acre. In field tests against Cx. tarsalis, S-3...

Interspecific variations in the susceptibility of freshly and embryonated eggs of Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. atropalpus and Culex pipiens were tested against three classes of insect growth regulators (IGRs) including ecdysone agonist (azadirachtin), chitin synthesis inhibitor (diflubenzuron) and juvenile hormone analog (pyriproxyfen) at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0ppm concentrations. Egg ha...

The three keys to whitefly management are sampling, effective chemical use, and avoidance. This study examines factors relevant to the latter two keys in the context of Arizona’s cotton pest spectrum. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are central to Arizona’s success in whitefly management. The basic usage guidelines developed for the IGRs—initial treatment timing, prescribed intervals between su...

The insect growth regulators (IGRs) are ecdysone or juvenile hormone mimics, or chitin synthesis inhibitors. They are more likely to be hazardous to larval insects than to adults. Application of JH mimics to adult honey bees may affect foraging behaviour and some physiological traits. Topical and feeding tests revealed that application of IGRs to larvae may result in death and larval ejection b...