Successful infection and replication of bacteriophages is indicative of the presence of viable bacteria. We describe here the development of a bacteriophage replication assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using mycobacteriophage D29. Optimization of phage inoculate and incubation times allowed highly sensitive detection of M. bovis BCG. Fewer than 10 CFU (100 CFU/ml) were d...

Starting with the first realization that negative stereotypes can cause people to underperform in the stereotyped domain, an impressive body of work has documented the robust and wide-ranging nature of stereotype and social identity threat. In this article, we look beyond the stereotyped ability domain and present evidence that coping with stereotypes and prejudice can linger, affecting a broad...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, grown to steric saturation between the cellulose fibers of a filter paper, reduced nitrate or nitrite or both when the cell-filled paper was washed, transferred to phosphate buffer, nitrate, or nitrite or both, and glucose agar plates, and incubated under aerobiosis as resting cells. The biological nature of the reduction was ascertained by the use of nitrate and nitrite...

To identify the most rapid and reliable technique for recovery and identification of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs), the colonial appearance of 106 isolates representing SCVs and the normal phenotype were evaluated on two newly described chromogenic agar media. Although almost all of the SCVs grew on the chromogenic agar media, they did not exhibit a change of color. In comp...

The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) kills all pines within its range and is among the most important forest pest species in the US. Using a specialized mycangium surrounded by gland cells in the pronotum, adult females culture, transport, and inoculate two fungi into beetle galleries during oviposition. These fungal symbionts, to varying degrees, exclude antagonistic fu...

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Chlamydia infections that ascend to the upper genital tract can persist, trigger inflammation, and result in serious sequelae such as infertility. However, mouse models in which the vaginal vault is inoculated with C. trachomatis do not recapitulate the course of human disease. These ...

Amastigotes of a Kenyan strain of Leishmania donovani from a previously infected hamster were used to inoculate Rattus rattus and the laboratory white rat intracardially. The animals were sampled at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks post-inoculation to determine infectivity and total parasite burdens in the liver and spleen. Higher parasite burdens were observed in the livers and spleens of R. rattus. Para...

Tuber spp. are ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes that produce ascocarps known as truffles. Basic aspects of Tuber biology have yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, there are conflicting hypotheses concerning the mating system and the ploidy level of the mycorrhizal and truffle hyphae. We used polymorphic microsatellites to compare the allelic configurations of asci with those from the network o...

(Dated: February 24, 2010) Proper acceleration and proper velocity are relativity-smart concepts that, along with propertime, can (i) inject conceptual-clarity into low-speed intro-physics applications and (ii) inoculate students against cognitive-dissonance when special and general relativistic applications are discussed. By calling the attention of introductory students to clock and free-floa...

The production of melt emulsions is mainly influenced by the crystallization step, as every single droplet needs to crystallize obtain a stable product with long shelf life. However, dispersed droplets requires high subcooling, resulting in time, energy and cost intensive processes. Contact-mediated nucleation (CMN) may be used intensify process, enabling at higher temperatures. It describes su...