This paper examines whether foetal testosterone exposure predicts the extent of confidence and over-confidence in own absolute ability in adulthood. To study this question, we elicited incentive-compatible measures of confidence and over-confidence in the lab and correlate them with measures of right hand 2D:4D, used as as a marker for the strength of prenatal testosterone exposure. We provide ...

Skinner (1938) once defined behavior as a proper subset of organismic activities—those that involve commerce with the outside world. Here I reexamine and reformulate Skinner’s definition to make the underlying conceptual framework more explicit. This framework turns out to be partly morphological and to rely on biological concepts of organism and adaptation. I propose a reformulation of Skinner...

SELF-CONFIDENCE OF PRIMIPAROUS WOMEN IN POSTPARTUM PERIOD: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL Fahimeh Sehati Shafaie, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Marzieh Bagherinia. Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sc...

Although it is expected that a social dilemma is solved by giving people feedback information about others' cooperative behavior, previous studies demonstrated that the information may promote cooperative behavior in some situations but may promote non-cooperative behavior in other situations. The study hypothesize that the feedback information of the others' cooperative behavior promote cooper...

We all know that statistics do not tell the whole story, yet I believe you will find that Goldenbaum et al. are on the right track with the statistics and conclusions presented in their article Physician’s Charged with Opioid-Analgesic Prescribing Offenses. The article describes the “big picture” relating to the characteristics and outcomes of criminal and administrative cases against physician...