Typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy, leading to severe renal disease as well as life-threatening extrarenal complications. HUS is primarily caused by infections with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and 5–20% of EHEC infections result in HUS. EHEC bacteria produce several virulence factors, of which Shiga toxins are believed to play a central role...

Immunocompromised patients are usually seriously ill and many such patients, especially those undergoing stem cell transplantation, have prolonged periods of pancytopenia and consequently, heavy transfusion requirements. All transfusions are potentially hazardous but transfusions to immunocompromised patients cause additional problems, which may be immunological or infectious. This review descr...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the investigate the relationship between resiliency and immune system activity of students. Methods: This research is descriptive and correlational. The population consist of all students of the faculty science of Azad university in Ardebil. 100 students were selected with sampling method. The students answere...

Current concepts in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus in man (Fig. I) emphasize its heterogeneity (Cudworth & Festenstein, 1978) and the interaction of heredity and environment in the development of all types of clinical diabetes (Keen & Jarrett, 1976). There is little evidence to suggest that nutritional factors might play a significant role in the aetiology of idiopathic insulin-dependent (T...

Background: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a major family of innate immune systems which recognize specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)in bacterial, fungi, virus and parasites. Human TLRs comprise a large family of 10 different type proteins that are expressed on various immune cells. Among these receptors, TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 were expressed on the cell surface. TLR2 form...

The components and functions of the immune system are described, and the clinical applications of agents that affect the immune system are discussed. Through both nonspecific and specific responses, the immune system recognizes and destroys or eliminates harmful foreign substances with which a host comes into contact. Nonspecific responses are usually associated with the first introduction of a...

Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote immune evasion and are associated with poor disease outcome in patients affected by various malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that several, inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting Treg-related genes influence the survival of ovarian cancer patients, providing novel insights into possible mechanisms of immune escape.