The 3D geographic information and virtual reality have now become fundamental in the analysis and prevention of many environmental problems and in the documentation of Cultural Heritage. In many application fields, such as virtual tours museums and so on, the simple 3D data visualization is required, but the 3D complex objects with metric data can be regarded as great aid in many other fields o...

the classical test theory (ctt) and item response theory (irt) are widely used in construction and analysis of exams and questionnaires. because of the various shortcomings of ctt, irt has been designed. even though irt has overcome most of the limitations of ctt and has made computer adaptive testing possible, it is still important to point out that not enough reasons exist to totally discard ...

Abstract—The threat modeling process starts with the phases of identifying critical assets, creating an architecture overview, and decomposing to identify possible points of attack. Data flow diagrams and sequence diagrams are used in this process. This paper proposes an alternative flow-based methodology for building an architectural map for the system. It provides a high-level methodology for...

This article examines the role of espionage in defending against cyber-attacks on infrastructural firms. We analyze the problem using a game between a government, an infrastructural firm and an attacker. If the attacker successfully breaches the IT security defenses of the infrastructural firm, primary losses accrue to that firm while widespread collateral losses accrue to the rest of the econo...