This paper has a dual character dictated by its twofold purpose. First, it is a speculative historiographic essay containing an attempt to fix the present position of library and information science within the context of the probabilistic revolution that has been encompassing all of science. Second, it comprises a guide to practitioners engaged in statistical research in library and information...

primary man in trying to find food went everywhere. but by forming ranching arranged a chain of places and became emigrant. by happening industrial revolution, human life was centralized on one place.  places that base on its advantages make different biologic and behavioral types. forming cities in seaboard, river shore, boundary of mountains and champaign cause to make different cultures that...

Our world has been shaped by the outcome of the scientific revolution and its offspring, the industrial revolution. The essence of this scientific revolution, shaped by its pioneers – Newton, Gallileo, Descartes, Kepler, Huygens, Boyle, Leibnitz – was in the rigorous understanding of the physical world, the laws underlying matter, energy and their interaction. The word “rigorous” is a hint to t...

The information revolution has created the ability for creating tremendous tools to support the warfighter. Tools for collecting, analyzing, and communicating information are being created to improve the efficiency and efficacy of conducting military operations. Unfortunately, the same information revolution has introduced new vulnerabilities whereby adversaries can acquire, exploit, deny, or d...

The debate over the revolution in military affairs (RMA) has become one of whither rather than whether. Most commentators agree that profound and inescapable changes are taking place in warfare. The discussion now focuses on defining this revolution more precisely, determining the extent and type of changes that it will effect in the near and long term, and what if anything should be done about...

We study the macroeconomic implications of three key features of an information age: i) the information technology revolution favors information production and hence information compared to other inputs of production becomes relatively cheaper; ii) information is an intermediate input that, once produced, can be reused at no extra cost (the marginal cost of using information is almost zero); ii...

with the advent of constitutional revolution in iran and the increase in people’s knowledge, women’s status changed and ultimately improved. publishing newspaper was one of the women’s attempts to keep their rights. lady somayyeh kahhal was the first woman in this field, as well as ophthalmology in iran. she published the first specialized newspaper for women in iran under the title of danesh (...