Iris melanoma is a primary intraocular tumor with a high potential risc for metastasis, characterized by the presence of a single or a multiple hyperpigmentation focal areas, or diffuse hyperpigmentation of the anterior epithelium of the iris. This hyperpigmentation is due to an abnormal growth and proliferation of melanocytes. However, not any hyperpigmentation should be handled as a melanom, ...

The cause of hyperpigmentation usually is traced to the activity and presence of melanocytes. Café au lait macules may be solitary benign findings or may indicate the presence of neurofibromatosis with its associated complications. Diffuse hyperpigmentation should prompt a search for offending medications or systemic diseases such as hemochromatosis, hyperthyroidism, and Addison's disease. In t...

Disorders of hyperpigmentation are difficult to treat, particularly in dark-skinned individuals. The goal is to reduce the hyperpigmentation without causing undesirable hypopigmentation or irritation in the surrounding normally pigmented skin. The psychosocial impact caused by these disorders must be considered. Although there are many effective therapeutic modalities available, there are poten...

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is a rare, acquired disorder characterized by lenticular hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa and longitudinal melanonychia. We present the case of a 63-year-old female with progressive, asymptomatic hyperpigmentation of buccal mucosa and a 7-year history of hyperpigmentation in several fingernails. Laugier-Hunziker syndrome was diagnosed based on the clinical features...

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) or familial benign pemphigus is a rare genetic condition, characterized by recurrent blisters and erosions, with predilection for intertriginous areas. There no specific treatment HHD. Topical systemic tends to provide temporary remission. Alternative (surgical interventions, such as dermabrasion, excision, laser) has been shown prolong Considering the risk of compli...

Background: Melasma is a common disorder of acquired hyperpigmentation affecting millions people worldwide, predominantly women. Despite the incidence, there are numerous hyperpigmentary conditions which may clinically resemble melasma. The differential diagnosis melasma therefore wide and prove to be diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This can delay appropriate treatment, adversely impacting...

hyperpigmentation over face in a neonate is rare and the differentials for the same are also rare. congenital chickengunya, fungal and viral infections, drug rash are few differentials. chikungunya virus (chikv) infection manifesting in neonates is very rare. the prevalence of the entity was described only recently. we describe a neonate with hyperpigmentation on day 3 of life with stormy cours...