Weaned Dorper lambs on natural pasture were predosed with 40 000 infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus axei, irradiated (0,3 kGy) L3 of T. axei or closantel at 10 mg/kg either in September or November 1978 and were compared with Merino yearlings predosed with 40 000 L3 of T. axei in November 1977. The following summer (December-March) only 178,6 mm of rain fell and very few H. contortus wer...

NK cells are an important source of early cytokine production in a variety of intracellular viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections; however, the role of NK cells in extracellular parasitic infections such as filarial infections is not well-defined. To investigate the role of NK cells in filarial infections, we have used an in vitro model system of culturing live infective-stage larvae (L3) ...

Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L3) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, ...

Filariae are a leading cause of infections which are responsible for serious dermatological, ocular, and vascular lesions. Infective third stage larvae (L3) are transmitted through the bite of a haematophagous vector. Litomosoides sigmodontis is a well-established model of filariasis in the mouse, with the vector being the mite Ornithonyssus bacoti. The aim of the study was to analyse the filar...

Development of an in vitro culture system for infectious Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae made it possible to study the potential cross-transmission of D. viviparus between white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and cattle (Bos taurus). Between 26 September 1995-29 February 1996, six parasite-free bull calves were individually inoculated with 15 to 50 infective third stage larvae (L3)/kg of bo...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is the major cause of eosinophilic meningitis. Successful migration and evasion of the immune system by infective-stage larvae (L3) rely heavily on secreted proteases, which activate human pro-matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9) into active MMP-9. This study showed that the proteases in excretory-secretory (ES) products of A. cantonensis third stage larvae degra...

A simple system for the in vitro cultivation of nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi was developed. The manner of cultivation consisted of a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's medium and NCTC-135 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum by using candle jar incubation at 37 degrees C instead of CO2 incubator. Changing the media: every 2 days, 3 days and changing media on d...

BACKGROUND The phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of 2- and 3-phosphoglycerate in the glycolytic /gluconeogenic pathways that are present in the majority of cellular organisms. They can be classified as cofactor-dependent PGM (dPGM) or cofactor-independent PGM (iPGM). Vertebrates, yeasts, and many bacteria have only dPGM, while higher plants, nematodes, archaea, ...

The objective of this study was to examine the action of the crude extract of Duddingtonia flagrans (isolates AC001 and CG722) on infective larvae (L3) of cyathostomins in coprocultures and to confirm its proteolytic activity by means of a zymogram. The following groups were formed in coprocultures: Group 1: 10 mL of crude extract of D. flagrans (AC001); group 2: 10 mL of crude extract of AC001...

Infective larvae (L3) of nematodes secrete macromolecules that are critical to infection and establishment of the parasite in the host. The dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum secretes an astacin-like metalloprotease, Ac-MTP-1, upon activation in vitro with host serum. Recombinant Ac-MTP-1 was expressed in the baculovirus/insect cell system as a secreted protein and was purified from culture mediu...