COVID-19 infection, a present ravaging disease attributed to a SARS-CoV like illness has brought the world to it knee causing a pandemic, with human-human transmission indexed to be a major source of transmission of this ailment. Alarmingly, this infection based on clinical manifestations has been diagnosed as a virus induced pneumonia with over 5 million cases reckoned at a mortality rate of a...

helicobacter pylori infection is a common health problem related to many gastrointestinal disorders. this study aims to estimate the total and age specific prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in iran. we systematically reviewed all national and international databases and finally identified 21 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. each of them were assigned a quality score using stro...

OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors, including reported net use, for Plasmodium infection and anaemia among school children and to explore variations in effects across different malaria ecologies occurring in Kenya. METHODS This study analysed data for 49 975 school children in 480 schools surveyed during a national school malaria survey, 2008-2010. Mixed effects logistic regression was use...

hepatitis b vaccination is safe and effective, although breakthrough infection occasionally occurs in those who receive the vaccine and hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig) prophylaxis. sequence variation in their antigenic regions is one of the most powerful strategies that are used by viruses to escape recognition by b and t cell-mediated immune responses. the aim of this study was to explore th...

Background and Objectives: Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes of transmission as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a consequence of epidemiologic similarities, HIV and HTLV-1/2 co-infection is frequent. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infections in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Ira...

BACKGROUND We estimated rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission per coital act in HIV-discordant couples by stage of infection in the index partner. METHODS We retrospectively identified 235 monogamous, HIV-discordant couples in a Ugandan population-based cohort. HIV transmission within pairs was confirmed by sequence analysis. Rates of transmission per coital act were esti...

Bacterial whole genome sequencing offers the prospect of rapid and high precision investigation of infectious disease outbreaks. Close genetic relationships between microorganisms isolated from different infected cases suggest transmission is a strong possibility, whereas transmission between cases with genetically distinct bacterial isolates can be excluded. However, undetected mixed infection...

Little is known about how the mode of respiratory virus transmission determines the dynamics of primary infection and protection from reinfection. Using non-invasive imaging of murine parainfluenza virus 1 (Sendai virus) in living mice, we determined the frequency, timing, dynamics, and virulence of primary infection after contact and airborne transmission, as well as the tropism and magnitude ...