Fats are essential components of the diet, and have a critical role in the growth and development of the neonate. Far from being simply compact sources of energy (providing 40-50% of calorie requirements), they are also integral constituents of neural and retinal tissues. 2 Dietary fats come in three forms: triacylglycerols; phospholipids; and cholesterol esters, all of which contain fatty acid...

BACKGROUND Premature infants are at increased risk for metabolic bone disease, with resulting delayed bone growth, osteopenia, and rickets. METHOD A systematic review of the best available evidence to answer a series of questions regarding neonatal patients at risk of metabolic bone disease receiving parenteral or enteral nutrition was undertaken and evaluated using concepts adopted from the ...

140 The care of a critically ill neonate in the emergency department setting presents a special challenge for practitioners who do not routinely encounter compromised neonates. This review will provide guidelines for the initial stabilization of these infants as well as identify differential diagnoses that should be considered. As with any critically ill patient, achieving physiologic stability...

Strain-dependent variation of glycan recognition during initial cell attachment of viruses is a critical determinant of host specificity, tissue-tropism and zoonosis. Rotaviruses (RVs), which cause life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and children, display significant genotype-dependent variations in glycan recognition resulting from sequence alterations in the VP8* domain of the spike p...

Aphallia (absence of penis) is an extremely rare abnormality which has rarely been described in medical literature and can be part of the urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS). URSMS has hardly been reported in medical literature and includes the absence of perineal and anal openings in association with ambiguous genitalia and urogenital, colonic, and lumbosacral anomalies. This case r...

In a previous work concerning the dependence of the hemoconcentration on blood pH we described significant increases of hematocrit and hemoglobin values in acidotic newborn infants immediately post partum [1], The pH values then measured represented, of course, a measure of the momentary hydrogen ion concentrations in the samples investigated; they gave, however, no Information about the propor...

background : mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care units (nicu) due to many physiological and clinical causes. since these patients have endotracheal tubes, cleaning and keeping the airways open through suctioning should be done to increase oxygenation. this study aimed to evaluate effect of open and closed suctioning methods on respiratory parameters of inf...

Each year, about six million children, including 1.5 million infants, in the United States undergo surgery with general anesthesia, often requiring repeated exposures. However, a crucial question remains of whether neonatal anesthetics are safe for the developing central nervous system (CNS). General anesthesia encompasses the administration of agents that induce analgesic, sedative, and muscle...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Apnea of prematurity can persist despite caffeine therapy in preterm infants. Doxapram may additionally support breathing. Although multiple small studies have reported the efficacy doxapram, structural co-treatment with impedes to ascribe doxapram itself or a pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction where increases exposure caffeine. We examined whethe...