Medical devices have become prolific and continue to increase in complexity and diversity which will inevitably affect risk. The aim of this UK study conducted by Anthony Brown and with statistical support and guidance from Colin Pritchard, was to investigate the extent to which healthcare professionals' attitudes and perceptions of risk influence the use of medical devices and the efficacy of ...

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a dramatically increasing prevalence. T2DM stems from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance. Prolonged insufficient metabolic control with constantly elevated HbA1c levels inevitably leads to complications, most commonly to diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy...

Patients with thyroid disease are seen in many diVerent general and specialist clinics because of the many and varied modes of presentation. This review will highlight recent developments in aspects of pathophysiology and clinical management of thyroid disorders but will inevitably not be all inclusive. Recent developments in molecular biology have had important eVects on our understanding of m...

The development of scientific knowledge is compared with the evolution of biological systems. Just as every biological system inevitably contains fossils our physics syllabus contains obsolete concepts and methods. It is argued that the potential for simplifying the teaching of science by eliminating these historical burden is high. Several examples for obsolete concepts in physics are given.

Endocrine therapy is widely accepted as the most important treatment for all patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, despite the positive effect of endocrine therapy on clinical outcome, resistance to these drugs inevitably develops. This article reviews the problem of resistance to hormonal therapy and addresses potential approaches to overcome intrinsic or acquired mec...

In dealing with scarcity of resources within healthcare systems, decision-makers inevitably have to make choices about which services to fund. Setting priorities represents a challenging task that requires systematic, explicit and transparent methodologies with focus on economic efficiency. In addition, the engagement of the general public in the process of decision-making has been regarded as ...

Shannon’s information theory states that there is a maximum rate for transmitting data reliably, implying almost always inevitably leak. Although has been advancement in protection technologies, lack of understanding about leaks and human error persists.