We investigate the hydrodynamic properties of liquified-inert-gas jets in a vacuum with a special emphasis on their stability. Such jets have applications as targets for laser–plasma generation of soft-x-ray and extreme-ultraviolet ~EUV! radiation. An important example is the liquid-xenon-jet laser-plasma source, one of the source candidates for EUV lithography. A simple hydrodynamic model in n...

Compressed air or a nitrogen-oxygen mixture produces from 0.3 MPa nitrogen narcosis. The traditional view was that anaesthesia or narcosis occurs when the volume of a hydrophobic site is caused to expand beyond a critical amount by the absorption of molecules of a narcotic gas. The observation of the pressure reversal effect on general anaesthesia has for a long time supported the lipid theory....

A fundamental kinetic model is used to compare the luminous efficiency of different compositions of Ne–Xe, He–Xe, and Ne–Xe–Ar mixtures in plasma display panels. A self-sustaining condition is used to estimate the breakdown electric field , accounting also for Penning ionization. The excitation frequency of Xe states that emit UV photons is calculated for applied electric field values ranging f...

A modified polarographic method with inert gas for determination of the oxygen permeability in polymers immersed in liquids is described. Owing to the stream of an inert gas towards polymer from the cathode side, lateral oxygen diffusion (edge effects) is minimized. Unlike the standard Fatt method, the method with inert gas is suitable also for thick samples and, therefore, for high-permeable m...

A thermochemical conversion (TCC) process was developed to convert swine manure into an oil product in a high temperature and pressure environment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different process gases, including CO, H2, CO2, N2, and compressed air, on the efficiencies of oil production and waste reduction, and to explore the possibility of replacing costly reducing ...

Moon RE, Cherry AD, Stolp BW, Camporesi EM. Pulmonary gas exchange in diving. J Appl Physiol 106: 668–677, 2009. First published November 13, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91104.2008.—Diving-related pulmonary effects are due mostly to increased gas density, immersion-related increase in pulmonary blood volume, and (usually) a higher inspired PO2. Higher gas density produces an increase in airw...