Many analysts believe that adverse climate changes in the form of global warming are— or soon will be—under way as the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. (See the box entitled “What Is Global Warming?”) The largest such source of these gases is carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the growing consumption of fossil fuels (petroleum products, natural gas, and coal). Consequentl...

The paper looks at the evolution of monetary policy in industrialized countries by evaluating two monetary policy strategies, monetary targeting and inflation targeting. The paper provides brief case studies of countries that have adopted these two strategies and draws a set of lessons. The experience with monetary targeting suggests that although it was successful in controlling inflation in S...

Abstract Despite the burgeoning literature on globalization-environmental degradation nexus, this area of empirical interest is still riddled with ambiguity. Thus, based an extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model, we re-investigate effect globalization environmental for 27 selected industrialized countries over period 1991–2016. More specif...

Background: Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Enteric gram-negative bacteria, especially Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, and Campylobacter plays a key role in the occurrence of diarrhea. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and importance of four bacterial genera in the incidence of diarrhea in Shahid Beheshti Hosp...

This paper studies the existence for a set of countries of an inflation threshold above which its effect on economic growth is negative, considering the speed of transition from one inflation regime to the other. Using a panel data set of above 120 countries for the period after the Second World War, we apply a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model with fixed effects. The estimated th...

Many analysts believe that adverse climate changes in the form of global warming are— or soon will be—under way as the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. (See the box entitled “What Is Global Warming?”) The largest such source of these gases is carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the growing consumption of fossil fuels (petroleum products, natural gas, and coal). Consequentl...

This paper draws several important lessons from the Tequila Crisis of 1994 and 1995. The overriding lesson is that the dynamics of ®nancial crises in emerging market countries di€er from those in industrialized countries because institutional features of their debt markets di€er. Several policy lessons for emerging market countries also emerge from the analysis: (1) pegged exchange-rate regimes...