sludge, which is produced as a by-product of all treatment processes, has considerable potential as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. many authorities now discharge the sludge after treatment directly to agricultural land in liquid form, while some others dewater and dry it first. in either case, with proper marketing, it is generally possible for an authority to earn revenue by this means, al...

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of ISO 14001 and other significant factors on solid waste generation rates of organizations. The research is based on a survey conducted on a random sample of industrial companies that operate in United States. The paper reveals that companies’ solid waste generation rates are significantly reduced by certification and identifies several factors ...

India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and this impacts on the environment and public health. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. This paper repo...

The plating industry is one of the main toxic chemicals consumers, which uses various chemicals, including solvents, acids, bases, cleansers, sophisticated organic ingredients, and metal salts of cadmium, nickel and chromium. Due to the growing production of industrial waste in spite of actions related to these wastes’ management, no comprehensive pattern was introduced at different levels. Thi...

BACKGROUND Finnish and Swedish waste water systems used by the forest industry were found to be exceptionally heavily contaminated with legionellae in 2005. CASE PRESENTATION We report two cases of severe pneumonia in employees working at two separate mills in Finland in 2006. Legionella serological and urinary antigen tests were used to diagnose Legionnaires' disease in the symptomatic emplo...

A survey of industrial pollution was carried out in Anambra State of Nigeria between February 1992 and June 1993. The survey showed that Idemili, Onitsha and Nnewi Local Government Areas have the greatest concentration of industries in the state and stand a high risk of industrial pollution unless steps are taken to put the issue of waste disposal under strick check. Some of the industries in t...

Harmful effects of textile industry effluents are a huge problem for now a days. It creats many problems at different level of ecosystem. The textile industry generates a high volume of waste products. Approx. seventy tons of dye is used annually. A big portion of such amount is discharged in a huge amount of water which affects the quality of water. They are cause of high BOD, COD sulphate, lo...

Pharmaceutical and specialty chemical production often causes high waste to product ratios. This can be explained by complex reaction mechanisms that require complicated multi-step production routes as well as stringent product purity and quality requirements. Therefore a large number of different types and levels of waste are leaving pharmaceutical production campaigns and need material recove...