Regulation of technologies using recombinant DNA (rDNA) methods and organisms has eased considerably over the past 30 years. Most of the previous risk assessments focused on the possibility of a recombinant organism or its genetic element establishing itself in the environment if it escaped from a laboratory or cell culture or fermentation facility. Since those assessments were conducted, delib...

It is inevitable that with large volume and high density poultry productions, there will be large quantities of poultry waste produced in Kathmandu and throughout Nepal. Poultry waste produced as the daily feeding of chicken both from broilers and layers in the country is largely used as organic manure for agricultural purposes. The poultry industry is growing day by day concentrated within the...

This is a comprehensive study of the occurrence of antibiotics, hormones and other pharmaceuticals in water sites that have major potential for downstream environmental contamination. These include residential (hospitals, sewage treatment plants, and regional discharges), industrial (pharmaceutical production facilities), and agricultural (animal husbandries and aquacultures) waste streams. We ...

Earthworms have been successfully used in the vermistabilization of urban, industrial and agricultural wastes in order to produce organic fertilizers and obtain protein for animal feed. Although many species could be used for these ends, given their nutritional requirements and reproductive biology, only Perionyx excavatus and Lampito mauritii are widely used. The most effective use of earthwor...

(SSF) is an economical alternative technique to submerged fermentation (SmF) for large scale production of industrial enzymes, where raw materials and processing is cheap with reduced chemical cost and less processing risk. It is defined as ‘the growth of microorganisms (mainly fungi) on moist solid materials in the absence of free flowing water’ [1]. This technique uses agricultural substrates...

the treatment facility of albourz industrial city was established in 1999 at the southeast of albourz mountain with an area of 200,000 square meters. currently, 40,000 cubic meters of industrial wastes are treated daily utilizing biological method of activated sludge up to the second phase without chlorination in this treatment facility. then, the discharged wastes are directed toward the lower...

industrial waste management is one of the most properly approaches which make industry and environment collaborating and coacting as well as reduce impacts of industry on environment. in this study, present management of yazd industrial township located in yazd province was studied. in order to properly manage and control waste production, questionnaires were used to collect data regarding type...

Lignocellulosic biomass, which contains cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-50%) and lignin (10-40%), is the most abundantly available raw material on Earth [1]. Broadly, it is classified into three categories: virgin biomass, waste biomass and energy crops. Owing to the rapid growth of global population and corresponding agricultural activities, the amount of lignocellulosic waste biomass is...

A survey of wastewater treatment facilities in the Federated States of Micronesia revealed a lack of fully functional treatment systems and conditions that potentially could lead to adverse environmental impacts and public health concerns. Due to inadequate facilities, the amount and composition of wastewater entering the plants as well as the degree of treatment being achieved is largely unkno...

worldwide, asbestos fibers utilized in fiber cement boards, have been recognized as harmful materials regarding the public health and environmental pollutions. these concerns motivate the researchers to find the appropriate alternatives to substitute the asbestos material towards the sustainability policies. in this paper, the applicability of asbestos replacement with three types of agricultur...