The oral thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran was withdrawn in the late clinical trial phase because it adversely affected the liver. In approximately 8% of treated patients, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) was expressed as transient alanine transaminase (ALT) elevations. No evidence of DILI had been revealed in the pre-clinical in vivo studies. A whole genome scan study performed on the clinical s...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the Unites States and accounts for 10% of acute hepatitis cases. We report the only known case of diphenhydramine-induced acute liver injury in the absence of concomitant medications. A 28-year-old man with history of 13/14-chromosomal translocation presented with fevers, vomiting, and jaundice. Aspartate-aminot...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a problem of increasing significance, but has been a long-standing concern in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The liver has a central role in drug metabolism and detoxification, and is consequently vulnerable to injury. The pathogenesis and types of DILI are presented, ranging from hepatic adaptation to hepatocellular injury. Knowledge of the me...

The objective of this review is to highlight the continued exclusion of discussion in the literature regarding alternative causes and proper causality assessment of cases of hepatotoxicity when use of dietary supplements is reported. Though independent experts are working diligently to advance the discussion related to alternative causes of hepatotoxicity resulting in idiosyncratic druginduced ...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant cause of acute and remains major concern in drug discovery clinical use. Optical imaging, including fluorescence imaging photoacoustic has been widely used for the early accurate diagnosis DILI. Activatable optical probes can detect lesion-specific molecular alterations with high sensitivity signal-to-noise ratio, offering precise way to evaluat...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for public health, as well as for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, since it can cause liver failure and lead to drug withdrawal from the market and black box warnings. Thus, it is important to identify biomarkers for early prediction to increase our understanding of mechanisms underlying DILI that will ultimately aid in the exp...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a hot topic for clinicians, academia, drug companies and regulators, as shown by the steadily increasing number of publications and agents listed as causing liver damage (http://livertox.nih.gov/). As it was the case in the past decade with drug-induced QT prolongation/arrhythmia, there is an urgent unmet clinical need to develop tools for risk assessment and...

The liver biopsy remains a valuable tool in the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The Digestive Disease Week Japan 2004 (DDW-J) scale proposed as an objective tool for the diagnosis of DILI has been widely used in Japan. So far, the histological features have not been compared with DDW-J scale in detail. Herein, we examined the correlation between liver biopsy findings and clinical...