Substantial evidence indicates that amino acid conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) function in auxin homeostasis, yet the plant enzymes involved in their biosynthesis have not been identified. We tested whether several Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes that are related to the auxin-induced soybean (Glycine max) GH3 gene product synthesize IAA-amino acid conjugates. In vitro reactions with six r...

A series of hydrazones were synthesized by condensing substituted hydrazides with appropriate carbonyl compounds. The chemical structures the compounds confirmed infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon-13 mass ((4-chloro-phenylamino)-acetic acid [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-phenyl-methylene]-hydrazide and (2,4-dichloro-phenylamino)-acetic (3-oxo- 1,3-dihydro-indole-2-ylidene)-hydrazide only)...

Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) via the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway involves three kinds of enzymes; aminotransferase encoded by aspC, indole-3-pyruvic acid decarboxylase encoded by ipdC, and indole-3-acetic acid dehydrogenase encoded by iad1. The ipdC from Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, aspC from Escherichia coli, and iad1 from Ustilago maydis were cloned and expressed under the...

One-pot three-component cyclo-condensation reaction of bis(indole-2,3-diones) with dimedone, 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one, or 6-aminouracil in boiling acetic acid afforded bis-spirocyclic oxindole...

Most conjugates of plant hormones are inactive, and some function to reduce the active hormone pool. This study characterized the activity of the tryptophan (Trp) conjugate of jasmonic acid (JA-Trp) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Unexpectedly, JA-Trp caused agravitropic root growth in seedlings, unlike JA or nine other JA-amino acid conjugates. The response was dose dependent from 1 to ...

3-Methyleneoxindole is a cytotoxic metabolite of indole-3-acetic acid with potential for use in cancer therapy. This species and ring-substituted analogues are conveniently synthesised from the corresponding isatins via a Peterson olefination.

Mitsuaria sp. TWR114 is a biocontrol agent against tomato bacterial wilt (TBW). We aimed to gain genomic insights relevant the mechanisms and colonization ability of this strain. The draft genome size was found be 5,632,523 bp, with GC content 69.5%, assembled into 1144 scaffolds. Genome annotation predicted total 4675 protein coding sequences (CDSs), 914 pseudogenes, 49 transfer RNAs, 3 noncod...

Abstract Background Antioxidants or vitamins are organic compounds that needed in tiny quantities and have stimulatory role on growth productivity of different plants. Two field experiments were conducted two summer seasons to investigate the irrigation systems (spraying dripping) α-tocopherol foliar treatment with concentrations (0, 100 200 mg/L) some indices physiological aspects, yield its c...

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Drugs-of-abuse screening is becoming more prevalent, and a major technical and legal concern is that individuals may be mistakenly identified as drug usersbecause of a false-positive test result. Marijuana use can be detectedby screening a urine specimen with the Abbott (North Chicago, IL) TDx cannabinoid assay, which gives a positive reaction with several delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) der...