The Gini index and the Gini mean di erence of a univariate distribution are extended to measure the disparity of a general d-variate distribution. We propose and investigate two approaches, one based on the distance of the distribution from itself, the other on the volume of a convex set in (d + 1)space, named the lift zonoid of the distribution. When d = 1, this volume equals the area between ...

Regional disparity is one of the challenges faced by Indonesian government in developing Indonesia. has a focus on increasing equitable development with physical and non-physical connectivity through 2015-2019 RPJMN III. In another hand, allocation capital or investment between regions can trigger reduce regional disparity. This study aims to determine role technology, transportation infrastruc...

BACKGROUND National data show unexplained racial disparity in albuminuria. We assessed whether low serum vitamin D status contributes to racial disparity in albuminuria. METHODS We examined the association between race and albuminuria (spot urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30) among non-Hispanic black and white nonpregnant adults who were free of renal impairment in the National Health...

Abstract Research Question Can racial equity in crime and policing be measured with the use of a Risk-Adjusted Disparity (RAD) Index degree to which across categories is “balanced” its ratios preventive police actions per 100 serious crimes committed against members each category? Data Office National Statistics (ONS) reports on England Wales, Dorset Police data violent victimization stop-searc...

OBJECTIVE Mean blood glucose (MBG) and MBG-independent factors both influence A1C levels. Race was related to A1C independent of MBG in adults. The goal of this study was to determine if racial disparity exists in A1C independent of MBG in children with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants included 276 children with type 1 diabetes. A1C and MBG were obtained from multiple clinic...

This paper presents a comparison of various similarity measures developed for the real-time control of the vergence angle in an active vision robot head. The vergence angle can be estimated using several difference or correlation measures. These methods are studied comparatively for various image sizes. The Zero-mean Normalized Cross Correlation (ZNCC) measure proved to outperform the other met...

Binocular rivalry occurs when the images presented to the two eyes do not match. Instead of fusing into a stable percept, perception during rivalry alternates between images over time. However, during rivalry, perception can also resemble a patchwork of parts of both eyes' images. Such integration of image parts across eyes is relatively rare compared to integration of image parts presented to ...