The application of the Finite Difference Time Domain technique, equipped with periodic boundary conditions, can lead to the fast full-wave characterization of negative refractive index (NRI) structures. Employing the so-called sine-cosine method, the guiding and radiating properties of the NRI transmission-line medium are determined. Surface wave effects are captured, while the operation of the...

Agro-meteorological index insurance is an innovative agricultural insurance product that has solved problems of conventional agricultural insurances including excessive cost and moral hazard. Agro-meteorological index insurance has become an effective agricultural insurance scheme. This paper primarily uses meteorological data and winter wheat yield data in the Jiangsu Province for the last 35 ...

SiO(2)-TiO(2) thin films for use as fiber optic guiding layers of optical DNA biosensors were fabricated by the sol-gel dip coating technique. The chemical structure and the surface morphology of the films were characterized before immobilization. Single probe DNA strands were immobilized on the surface and the porosity of the films before the hybridization process was measured. Refractive inde...

I. ABSTRACT The paper presents salient features of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) at one place. This paper focuses on the investigation of propagation characteristics of index guiding photonic crystal fibers from Scalar and Vectorial Effective index methods with an objective to compare and analyze the guided modes, spot size, spectral response of bend loss and spectral response of splice losses f...

-An adaptive smoothing algorithm has been described which is capable of performing various tasks, such as removing salt and pepper noise, preserving roof edges, stretching (enhancing) step edges and reducing variations in low intensity varied regions. While iteration advances, it approximates both isotropic and anisotropic heat diffusion processes in performing these tasks. A region topography ...

We describe the realization of a symmetric integrated channel waveguide Mach-Zehnder sensor which uses the evanescent field to detect small refractive-index changes (2~n~n ~ 1 x 10 -4) near the guiding-layer surface. This guiding layer consists of ridge structures with a height of 3 nm and a width of 4 gm made in SisN4. This layer has a thickness of I00 nm. The sensor device has been tested wit...

Compared with the traditional slow charging loads, random integration of large scale fast charging loads will exert more serious impacts on the security of power network operation. Besides, to maximize social benefits, effective scheduling strategy guiding fast charging behaviors should be formulated rather than simply increasing infrastructure construction investments on the power grid. This p...

In this Letter, we report on the successful fabrication of low loss, high refractive index contrast waveguides via ion migration upon femtosecond laser writing in phosphate glass. Waveguides were produced in two different phosphate glass compositions with high and low La(2)O(3) content. In the La-rich glass, a large refractive index increase in the guiding region was observed due to the incomin...

We report the reduced waveguiding efficiency for the signals around 1560 nm as the injection current of an GaAs/ AlGaAs multiple quantum well laser diode (lasing wavelength at 840 nm) with a ridge-loading waveguide configuration increased. This reduction trend stopped when the injection current reached the threshold condition of the laser diode. The decreased waveguide transmission and the more...