OBJECTIVE To evaluate effectiveness of a community-based preparedness program for flash floods. DESIGN A controlled community intervention trial with preassessment and postassessment. SETTING Fifteen intervention villages and 16 control villages in Golestan province of Iran. PARTICIPANTS People more than six years of age. INTERVENTION Intervention program consisted assembling Village Di...

abstract while the level of women’s participation in the labor market is on the rise in the world, the level of participation of iranian women has not proportionately increased, and women constitute only a small portion of the active population in iran. among factors affecting women’s participation in the labor market are the decisions concerning retirement and the willingness to work by the mi...

Research on political participation has suggested that young people in western countries have become gradually disengaged from conventional politics. While traditional repertoires of participation have been declining, recent research also found that young people are relatively active in civic arenas and have become more prone to engage in extra-institutional forms of political participation. On...

Electoral participation is one of the important pillars of any country's development. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim of the effect of social justice on electoral participation. For this purpose, Inglehart and Milbrath theories were used as a theoretical framework. The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included y...

BACKGROUND Randomised controlled trials of healthcare interventions depend on the participation of volunteers who might not derive any personal health benefit from their participation. The idea that altruistic-type motives are important for trial participation is understandably widespread, but recent studies suggest considerations of personal benefit can influence participation decisions in var...

This research studies the ration of social participation among the youth aged 18-29 in Bam after the disastrous earthquake in December 2003 and its effective factors. In this paper, the youth more than 400 people were asked directly with an Interview and a Questionnaire in Bam (South of Iran). Theories like modernization school adopted by learner, Ingelhart, Hantington, Lipst, Almound, Powel, R...

Capital Deepening and Wage Differentials: Germany vs. US Capital deepening may affect the evolution of the wage differential between skilled and unskilled workers differently in countries with different labor market institutions. If labor market institutions raise the relative wage of unskilled workers in Germany, firms have incentives to invest relatively more into capital equipment complement...

PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve symptoms in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the high health and financial costs, the uptake of management strategies, particularly participation in PA and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), are low. The review objective here was to identify potential barriers and enablers, which people with COPD report being ...

This study examined interrelationships among athletic identity, sport participation, and psychological adjustment in a sample of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Participants (N = 1,034) completed measures of athletic identity, life satisfaction, anxiety, depression, and demographic and sport participation variables. Current amount of weekly sport participation was positively related to at...