Summery : This paper presents e system (PHENARETE) which understands and improves incompletely defined LISP programs, such as those written by students beginning t,o program in LISP. This system takes, as input, the program without any additional information. In order to understand the program, the system mete-evaluates it, using a library of praqmatic rules, describing the construction and cor...

example, are not represented in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria.3 In evaluating the desirability of screening for depression in primary care, it is tempting, but in our view amistake, to reify theDSM criteria. This line of reasoning risks losing sight of a deeper reality: the criteria formajor depression arenot the thing itself, but rather an imperfect in...

Distributed systems have to deal with the following scenarios in practice: bugs in components; incorrect specifications of components and, therefore, incorrect use of components; unanticipated faults due to complex interactions or to not containing the effects of faults in lower-level components; and evolution of components. Extant fault tolerance models deal with such scenarios in only a limit...

background: spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is the second most common lethal autosomal recessive disease. it is a neuromuscular disorder caused by degenerative of lower motor neurons and occasionally bulbar neurons leading to progressive limb paralysis and muscular atrophy. the smn1 gene is recognized as a sma causing gene while naip has been characterized as a modifying factor for the clinical s...