In this paper, we analyze the impact of banks’ non-interest income share on risk in the German banking sector for the period between 2002 and 2010. Using linear and quantile regression estimators, we find that the impact of non-interest income on risk significantly differs depending on banks’ overall business model. More specifically, we show banks with retail-oriented business model such as sa...

Exact optimal paths are calculated for two closed economies, each with an accumulable capital, a non-renewable resource and exogenous technical progress. The first economy has hyperbolic discounting and (possibly) hyperbolic technical progress. On its optimal path, generally, welfare-equivalent income > wealth-equivalent income > Sefton-Weale income > NNP; and sustainable income = NNP only if c...

We present a growth model in which investment in physical capital shows positive externalities which build up knowledge capital. A prerequisite for these spillovers to take place is that a country devotes time to education. Externalities associated with investment need education to raise the stock of knowledge capital. Analyzing the competitive economy we demonstrate that the model may explain ...

as cited in the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, it's one of the responsibilities of the government to provide appropriate housing for the people of iran. the main aim of current study was to assess satisfaction rate of a mehr housing residents in fars province, southwest of iran. randomly selected heads of 100 households residents of abadeh mehr housing for at least 1 year were as...

Although research has clearly established that low family income has negative impacts on children's cognitive skills and social-emotional competence, less often is a family's experience of material hardship considered. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (N=21,255), this study examined dual components of family income and material hardship along with pa...

BACKGROUND International funding for global health research is not systematically documented. We have assessed the level of research funding awarded by UK funders of international research to low- and middle-income countries or research institutions in these countries. METHODS We analysed 6165 studies; from these we selected 522 that matched our criteria and used them to evaluate research fun...

This paper develops and structurally estimates a life cycle model of optimal college investment with risk in degree completion and labor earnings. I argue that low income children’s stronger precautionary saving motive, which is due to their parents’ inferior capacity to insure them against college investment risk, impedes their college attendance. I construct a dynamic non-cooperative game to ...

Why do so many African governments consistently impose high tax rates and make little investment in productive public goods when alternative policies could yield greater tax revenues and higher national income? We posit and test an intertemporal political economy model in which the government sets tax and R&D levels while investors respond with production. Equilibrium policy and growth rates de...

There are an infinite number of generations, one at each date. In each period t a member of generation receives an income w, which depends on the proportions of the population in different skill categories, as well as the skill category to which this member belongs. This income is partly consumed and partly used in educating the offspring of this member. Depending on the education level of the ...