The genus Silene, with more than 100 species in Iran is an important genus of Iranian flora. According to available data on the northwestern parts of Iran, including three provinces of Ardabil, East and West Azarbaijan are considered as a major diversity center of perennial species of the genus Silene in Iran. In the course of a revision of Silene in this area, some interesting specimens were c...

K. Robert Clarke is one of the most highly regarded and cited scientists in field ecology. Over past 45+ years, He has inspired empowered ecological researchers all across globe by developing novel statistical methods, creating user-friendly PRIMER software, presenting generous, spirited, personalised workshops multivariate analysis for practicing scientists. We introduce this special issue Aus...

Phenotypic differences in analgesic sensitivity to codeine (3-methoxymorphine) results from polymorphisms in cytochrome P450-2D6, which catalyzes O-demethylation of codeine to morphine. However, O-demethylation reportedly is not required for analgesic activity of the 7,8-saturated codeine congeners dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone. This study determined the potency and efficacy of the...

The paper centers on environmental practical ethic point of views according to a professional ecologist. Ecology and the science of Socio-ecology are defined. The framework of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment initiative (MA 2003), including the use of ecosystems as the environmental unit of analysis, ecosystem services and human well-being as the center for assessment are discussed. Common-p...

the genus cyrtopodion is the most widely distributed of the four gekkonid genera of the angular-toed geckos that inhabit pakistan and the contiguous palearctic region (szczerbak & golubev 1996), from the indus valley to the eastern borders of the caspian sea. longitudinal rows of trihedral tubercles characteristically line the dorsum of these angular-toed geckos. they primarily inhabit arid...

two snail species belonging to genus lymnaea, l.auricularia and l.gedrosiana, were collected from 6 different districts of shadegan area of khoozestan. eight percent of the total collections of the snails revealed the occurrence of larva in them. the prevalence of larva within the snails varied in different districts may be due to different geoclimatic conditions and availability of fresh water...

These little books are three out of a series of ten with which the publishers hope to capture some of the market provided by elementary college biology courses. The notion of a large number of paperbacks replacing a single, hard-bound text has a certain number of theoretical advantages, two of which I would like to mention. The first, which is almost always pointed out in publishers' advance no...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org W recreation and tourism activities in parks, wilderness, and protected areas continue to show trends of increasing participation (Cordell 2008; Balmford et al. 2009). Associated with this rise in visitation are anthropogenic disturbances that result in environmental impacts, which in turn raise concerns as to whether recreation and...