A planar phase gradient metasurface (PGM) with gradients in two in-plane directions will introduce additional wave vectors to the reflected vector. For small incident angles, close normal vector, magnitude of vector is smaller than that and direction anomalous can be determined from components components. The expanded generalized Snell’s law, which includes diffraction order modes, combined arr...

When an electromagnetic wave (light) in a dielectric medium of index n1 is incident upon an interface of a different dielectric material of a lower optical density, n2 at an angle θ1 greater than the critical angle, θc = sin−1(n2/n1), total internal reflection (TIR) occurs. Although all of the incident energy is reflected, an electromagnetic field with exponentially decreasing intensity propaga...

Dynamical calculations are performed to determine the differential cross section of low energy electrons scattered from antiferromagnetic NiO (111) surfaces. We find that the spin-dependence of this quantity with respect to the incident electron polarization depends strongly on: (1) the magnetization of the topmost layer, (2) the exchange potential model used, and (3) the incident beam angle.

Novel birefringent liquid crystal polymer homeotropic films have been coated on semiconductor solar cells to improve the effective incident sunlight angles. The liquid crystal polymer precursor, based on reactive mesogens, is fluidic and flows like liquid. It would distribute uniformly on the solar cell sample surface by any traditional coating technique. The birefringence for light, due to the...

This paper is concerned with the effect of pure shear on the reflection from a plane boundary of infinitesimal plane waves propagating in a half-space of incompressible isotropic elastic material. For a special class of constitutive laws it is shown that an incident plane harmonic wave propagating in the considered plane gives rise to a surface wave in addition to a reflected wave (with angle o...