The idea that intentionality is the distinctive mark of the mental or that only mental phenomena have intentionality emerged in the philosophical tradition after Franz Brentano. Much of contemporary philosophy is dedicated to a rejection of the view that mental phenomena have original intentionality. In other words, main strands of contemporary philosophy seek to naturalize intentionality of th...

Much of the literature on metropolitan political reorganization (defined here as secession, annexation, and incorporation) understands the phenomenon as a self-contained politics. That is, the literature mostly analyzes the politics surrounding reorganization in terms of the powers and responsibilities of the local state itself. Specifically, the literature finds that the main motivations for r...

this study attempts to explore the development and evolution of mackinder's geopolitical thinking in global politics of british empire and its influence thereafter. this research paper examines the characteristics of geopolitical perspective of britain, through halford mackinder's heartland theory during the three periods of the early twentieth century to the present time. in this reg...

Throughout history until today, the Islamic world has been witness to various movements which have been formed in response to special demands. The current article aims to address the similarities and differences between the political thought[1] of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and two movements in Indonesia namely the Nahdatul Ulama (NU) and the Muhammadiyah movements using a descriptive-compa...

This study attempts to assess the different ways through which Islam as a religion can impact politics. In fact, the notion that is collectively labeled as Islam and its re-interpretation as an escalating presence of religion in politics in today's world has deep layers. To distinguish a variety of these layers, each with different characteristics, they should be defined, and the type of contri...

in this book, elizabeth frazer offers a detailed study of the concept of community; and examines political and philosophical communitarianism. more specifically, she analyzes the relationships between communitarianism and interpretivism, social constructionism, locality, family life and finally politics.

Members of the 67th World Health Assembly in 2014 were presented with a framework document to guide World Health Organization (WHO) engagement with non-state actors, a key part of WHO reform kick-started in 2011. According to this document, non-state actors include four distinct constituencies: i) nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), ii) private sector entities; iii) philanthropic foundations;...

In his recent commentary, Gorik Ooms argues that “denying that researchers, like all humans, have personal opinions … drives researchers’ personal opinion underground, turning global health science into unconscious dogmatism or stealth advocacy, avoiding the crucial debate about the politics and underlying normative premises of global health.” These ‘unconscious’ dimensions of global health are...

religion, as one of the most effective elements of culture and civilization, has had a tangible presence in all human societies from the ancient times up to the present. it has been tried, in this study, to look over iranians’ religious beliefs from the point of arabic sources view. the results show that the religious beliefs, especially in the field of politics, had an important role in ancien...