Four ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls (300 kg) were fed mottgrass diets using a 4 4 Latinsquare design. Treatments consisted of mottgrass fertilized with 0 or 110.4 kg N/ha and harvested at 40 (ECM) and 60 (LCM) days. Fertilization increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP) and fibre contents. The CP contents of the mottgrass decreased and fibre contents increased with advancing matur...

Extended life expectancy and medical development has led to an increased reliance on biomaterial implants and devices to support or restore human anatomy and function. However, the presence of an implanted biomaterial results in an increased susceptibility to infection. Due to the severity of the potential outcomes of biomaterial-associated infection, different strategies have been employed to ...

Three experiments assessed branched-chain volatile fatty acid (BCVFA) stimulation of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance after 24 h incubation in batch cultures derived from ruminal fluid inocula that were enriched with particulate-phase bacteria. In experiment 1, a control was compared 3 treatments isomolar doses all BCVFA (plus valerate), AA (BCAA), or half each and BCAA mix either al...

The objective of the study was to quantify annual and seasonal differences in the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, in situ degradability and ruminal fermentation of grazing steers' diets. Diet samples were collected with four esophageal cannulated steers (350±3 kg BW); and four ruminally cannulated heifers (342±1.5 kg BW) were used to study the dry matter degradation and fermentat...

A 84 day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium diformate NDF ® as commercial feed additives on growth performance and feed utilization of hybrid tilapia (♀ O. niloticus X ♂ O. aureus) fingerlings. Four treatments were applied; three levels of NDF ® (1 g kg -1 , 3 g kg -1 and 5 g kg -1 ) in addition to the control. The experimental diets containing (320 g kg -1 crude protein ...

analyzed as a Latin-square design using PROC MIXED in SAS. Forage quality was analyzed as a completely random design using PROC GLM in SAS. The BMR varieties were lower (P < 0.01) in ADF and NDF at all harvest dates, while N concentrations were not affected (P > 0.41) by variety. The A fraction of DM and NDF was higher (P < 0.01) and the C fraction of DM, NDF, and ADF was lower (P < 0.01) for B...

Degradable hydrogels to deliver bioactive proteins represent an emerging platform for promoting tissue repair and vascularization in various applications. However, implanting these biomaterials requires invasive surgery, which is associated with complications such as inflammation, scarring, and infection. To address these shortcomings, we applied microfluidics-based polymerization to engineer i...

A study was designed to collect a database of Iowa feedlot rations for determination of effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in complete diets from fiber analysis and particle size determination of individual feed ingredients and compare this with particle size determination of mixed wet rations. Seventy-one beef finishing total mixed rations were collected by ISU Extension Beef Field Specia...

It is known that extraction of some grasses with neutral detergent (ND) increases the in vitro digestibility [Kennedy, P.M., Lowry, J.B., Conlan, L.L., 1999. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79, 544]. Here, we report experiments which de®ned the contribution of ND components to digestibility increases. Substrates were prepared from spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) by boiling at neutral pH in solutions of...

the chemical composition, ruminal degradability parameters, ruminal and post ruminal digestibility of saffron residues were determined using in situ and in vitro (gas production) methods. the harvested residues at late vegetative phase were compared with the residues harvested at the early dormant phase. the results showed that ndf and adf concentration of harvested residues at early dormant ph...