introduction: assessment tools of academic achievement in the field of surgery have always been received considerable attention. the issue that has received less attention is that which one of these methods has higher efficiency to cover appropriately educational objectives in surgical groups. this survey aimed to evaluate the results of three examinations (including osce, in-group educational ...

this study is aimed to assess the strategy improving human resources by using creativity and innovation.surely, the most important component in the success of organizations is the use of creativity and innovation in today's world. human resources, the most essential source of developing the innovation, should be believed as the basis of stability and resistance in a competitive world, inside, o...

in their 2016 article, saltman and duran provide a thoughtful examination of the governance challenges involved in different care delivery models adopted in primary care and hospitals in two european countries. this commentary examines the limited potential of structural changes to achieve real reform and considers that, unless governance arrangements actually succeed in penetrating organizatio...

background: perinatal asphyxia is a common cause of infant morbidity and mortality and long-term neurological disabilities. due to the high costs of admission, a large proportion of births and neonatal deaths occur in non-hospital settings. this study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate of perinatal asphyxia before and after the implementation of the health improvement program. methods: this d...

introduction: tympanoplasty is indicated to restore hearing disability and prevent recurrent otorrhea.  materials and methods: this study was a retrospective review of patients who underwent tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy over a 1-year period.  results: a total of 789 tympanoplasties were reviewed, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1. in total, 91% and 9% of tympanoplasties were p...

recently, use of research, theory, evidence-based practice (ebp), and quality improvement (qi) has increased dramatically in the professional manuscripts and discourses of the health related literature. however, inadequate knowledge and inability to recognize the differences between these processes have led to uncertainty in some of these practices. elucidation of such processes is of paramount...

alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate is essentially an irreversible and second order reaction. industrial importance of the reaction product, sodium acetate, necessitate for process improvement in terms of maximum conversion and economical usage of raw materials. statistical design of experiments was utilized to enhance conversion in both batch and plug flow reactors.a full two level factorial ...

background: in isfahan, the second metropolitan in iran, there are 1448 dentistry treatment centers that most of them are inefficient. today, efficiency is the most important issue in health care centers as well as dentistry clinics. the goal of this research is to investigate the affordability and efficiency of dentistry clinics in isfahan province, iran. methods: the current work is a quantit...

Rewards have important influences on the motor planning of primates and the firing of neurons coding visual information and action. When eye movements to a target are differentially rewarded across locations, primates execute saccades towards the possible target location with the highest expected value, a product of sensory evidence and potentially earned reward (saccade to maximum expected val...