The in vitro effects of Concanavalin A (Con A) and prednisolone (PRD) on the cytotoxic functions of lymphocytes and the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were investigated. Con A at concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 micrograms/ml did not significantly affect the cytotoxicity of LAK cells when added directly to the effector and target cell mixture in a 4-hr 51Cr release ass...

Classical methods for determining malignant disease prognosis are based upon characterizing the morphology and location of tumor cells. While this analysis provides important information about a patient’s disease it fails to capture the biological complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the contribution of the anti-tumor immune response. Basic histological quantification of T lymphocyte de...

Peripheral blood monocytes phagocytose and kill pathogens; they are recruited into inflammatory sites and are responsible for triggering the symptoms of sepsis. We focused on the consequences of apoptosis of monocytes, spontaneous or induced, on their function. Monocytes acting as antigen-presenting cells (APC) are eliminated by activated T-cells via the mechanism that triggers their apoptosis....

1Biostatistics Research Branch, SAIC-Frederick Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD; 2Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, SAIC-Frederick Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD; 3Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; 4Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and 5Critic...

Ljubisa Vitkovic , Shigeru Maeda 2 and Vincent J. Aloyo 3 1 Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, 2Integrative Neural Immune Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1284, Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelp...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). As a result, the inhibition of TNF is an important therapeutic avenue in the treatment of these pathophysiologically diverse disease states. This section discusses TNF, its receptors, and its role in immunoregulation and inflammation, as well as the currently available anti-TNF-...

Tomohiro Aoki1, 2,*), Miyuki Fukuda2, 3) and Shuh Narumiya2) 1)Innovation Center for Immunoregulation Technologies and Drugs (AK project), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan 2)Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan 3)Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, ...

The manifestation of leprosy in humans is largely determined by host immunity to Mycobacterium leprae and is a model for immunoregulation in a human disease. However, animal models available for exploration of the leprosy spectrum are inadequate. This study explored M. leprae infection in mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase, and this report describes elements resembling borderline...

1Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2Laboratory of Immunoregulation, and 3Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 4Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, Science Application International Corporation-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; and 5Critical Care Medicine Dep...