INTRODUCTION The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become a standard of care for the treatment of HIV infection. However, cost and resistance to ART are major obstacles for access to treatment especially in resource-limited settings. In this study, we aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of Immunological failure among adult and adolescent HIV infected Patients (with age '1...

A bispecific chimeric antigen receptor molecule enhances T cell activation through dual immunological synapse formation and offsets antigen escape in glioblastoma Meenakshi Hegde, Zakaria Grada, Antonella Pignata, Amanda Wakefield, Kristen Fousek, Kevin Bielamowicz, Kevin Chow, Vita Brawley, Tiara Byrd, Stephen Gottschalk, Malini Mukherjee, Winfried S Wels, Matthew Baker, Giapietro Dotti, Jorda...

The stable immunological synapse between a T cell and antigen-presenting cell coordinates migration and activation. Three-dimensional collagen gels transform this interaction into a series of transient hit-and-run encounters. Here we integrate these alternative modes of interaction in a model for primary T cell activation and effector function in vivo.

The binding of a T cell to an APC results in T cell actin cytoskeletal rearrangement leading to the formation of an immunological synapse. The APC cytoskeleton has been thought to play a passive role in this process. In this study, we demonstrate that dendritic cells (DC), unlike other APC, actively polarize their actin cytoskeleton during interaction with T cells. DC cytoskeletal rearrangement...