In induction of systemic and mucosal immunity, particulate antigens are more effective than soluble antigens possibly because they are more efficiently endocytosed by mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) M cells. In this study, we determined the systemic and mucosal immune responses in rabbits following intranasal immunization of tetanus toxoid TT and CpG-ODN encapsulated within PLGA nanos...

Objective(s): Drug delivery via mucosal routes has been confirmed to be effective in inducing strong immune responses. Liposomes could enhance immune responses and mucoadhesive potentials, make them useful mucosal drug delivery systems. Coating of liposomes by mucoadhesive polymers succeeded in enhancing immune responses. Our studies aim at preparation and characterization of trimethylchitosan-...

introduction: glycoprotein b (gb) is the major antigen for induction of humoral responses against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) making it an attractive candidate for immune prophylaxis. in the present study, the humoral immune response of balb/c mice to a truncated hcmv gb protein fused with gfp was evaluated. methods: the truncated gb coding sequence was synthesized and cloned in pegfpn1 eukary...

background: major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays a central role in regulation and control of the immune responses to infectious diseases. due to its polymorphism, individual differences in response to vaccines have been observed in different chicken populations. studying the association of chicken mhc with immune response to vaccines will help the control of infectious disease and vacci...

objective: the use of bacterial plasmids carrying specific genes of pathogens as genetic vaccines is a relatively new technique for induction of cellular immune responses against microbial pathogens. mechanisms of production of specific immune responses against these vaccines are not still completely understood. therefore, it is necessary to examine various routes of inoculation to find the bes...

Background and aims: IL-22 is an alpha- helical cytokine. IL-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of IL-10R2 and IL-22R1subunits. IL-22R is expressed on tissue cells, and it is absent on immune cells. L-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to i...

Cancer immunotherapy has gained a lot of interest over the past few years due to the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer (1, 2). Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), have been shown to increase survival of patients with advanced cancers (1, 2). These in...

background and aims:il-22 is an α-helical cytokine.il-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of il-10r2 and il-22r1subunits.il-22r is expressed on tissue cells and it is absent on immune cells.il-22 and il-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. the aim of this study was to investigat...