Despite the success of deep learning models, it remains challenging for over-parameterized model to learn good representation under small-sample-size settings. In this paper, motivated by previous work on out-of-distribution (OoD) generalization, we study problem from an OoD perspective identify fundamental factors affecting quality. We formulate a notion “out-of-feature subspace (OoFS) noise” ...

The water retention curve (WRC) represents a key function in unsaturated soil mechanics as it can be applied for the modeling of hydro-mechanical behaviour soils. macroscopic WRC is characterised by different phenomena, such hysteresis upon cyclic drainage and imbibition. With help modern X-ray computed tomography hydraulic experiments that performed CT scanning environment, so-called situ expe...

abstract in recent years, many researchers have attempted to estimate the soil hydraulic functions (e.g. soil moisture characteristics curve, and hydraulic conductivity function) using particle-size distribution (psd) curve. in these studies, an accurate mathematical representation of psd is required for fitting the observed data. so far, some mathematical models were developed with different l...

The present paper discusses the theoretical studies involved in the development of the differential equations which describe the spontaneous imbibition of water by an oil-saturated rock. The basic assumption underlying in the present investigation is that the oil and water form two immiscible liquid phases and the latter represents preferentially wetting phase. The Saturation of injected water ...