The immune system is susceptible to a variety of stresses. Recent work in neuroimmunology has begun to define how mood alteration, stress, the seasons, and daily rhythms can have a profound effect on immune response through hormonal modifications. Central to these factors may be light through an eye-brain hormonal modulation. In adult primates, only visible light (400-700 nm) is received by the...

the differential activation of th1 and th2 cells using mafosfamide (mafo) was investigated in vitro in a rat model of alloreactivity. the results of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that mafo, like its parent compound cyclophosphamide, is selectively active against th2-type t-helper cells when administered at low doses (

conclusions based on its effects, carnosol might be considered a source of drug, showing effective immunosuppression properties. further studies should be performed on carnosol to develop an effective immunosuppressive drug or coadjuvant for the treatment of disorders caused by an exaggerated or unwanted immune response. results results showed that three high doses of carnosol (0.8, 2.4 and 4 m...