OBJECTIVE
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a nuclear protein that is released from stressed or damaged cells to act as an alarmin. We investigated the effects of IL-33 on endothelial cells, using the prototype IL-1 family member, IL-1β, as a reference.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated with IL-33 or IL-1β, showing highly similar phosphorylation of signaling mole...