IL-1 pretreatment prolongs survival in lethal infection in normal and in neutropenic mice. We investigated whether this protection occurs by interference with deleterious cytokine effects. The effect of IL-1 pretreatment on concentrations of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha circulating in vivo and the ex vivo cytokine production capacity of macrophages was assessed in uninfected, non-...

IL-1 is a well-characterized proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in host defense and autoimmune diseases. IL-1 can promote activation of T cells, including Th1 cells, Th2 cells and Th17 cells, and B cells, suggesting that IL-1 may contribute to the development of various types of T-cell-mediated diseases. This report reviews and discusses the role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of allergic d...

On page 1407, Decker and colleagues trick HIV into exposing itself. This trick revealed that a majority of infected individuals have broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against HIV in their circulation. Antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV have been difficult to find, despite decades of searching. Several gp120-specific neutralizing anti-bodies have been cloned. Some of ...