This study aimed to examine the effect of CO2 atmosphere during pyrolysis of solid fuel on the gasification of its char by using thermobalance. As the sample, alkali-rich lignin was prepared. The lignin sample was pyrolyzed at heating rate of 1K/s to 700C under CO2 and Ar, and these chars (ligninchar-CO2, ligninchar-Ar) are gasified in air at various temperatures, from 700C to 1140C. The differ...

Hydroxide (OH(-))-exchange membranes (HEMs) are important polymer electrolytes enabling the use of affordable and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy-conversion devices such as HEM fuel cells, HEM electrolyzers, and HEM solar hydrogen generators. Many HEM cations exist, featuring desirable properties, but new cations are still needed to increase chemical stability at elev...

Rapid startup of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and other bioreactors is desirable when treating wastewaters. The startup time with unamended wastewater (118 h) was similar to that obtained by adding acetate or fumarate (110-115 h), and less than that with glucose (181 h) or Fe(III) (353 h). Initial current production took longer when phosphate buffer was added, with startup times increasing with ...

various combustion characteristics and properties are studied while selecting a fuel for any engine. the choice of the engine and fuel are highly interrelated. vegetable oil is one obvious fuel particularly because their fuel properties are closer to diesel fuel. two important properties, the cetane number and the calorific value are similar to diesel. hence diesel engines can be operated on ve...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a clean and renewable energy resource. To date, power generation in MFCs is severely limited. In order to improve performance, a wide range of techniques have been utilised for a fundamental scientific understanding of the components and processes and also to investigate MFC performance bottlenecks. In this tutorial review, we discuss the electrochemical/el...