When is agreement possible? An important aspect of group decision-making is the question of how a group makes a choice when individual preferences may differ. Clearly, people cannot all have their “ideal” preferences, i.e, the options that they most desire, if those ideal preferences are different. However, for the sake of agreement, people may be willing to accept as a group choice an option t...

Finding the key of symmetric cipher takes computing common zero of polynomials, which de ne ideal and corresponding variety, usually considered over algebraically closed eld. The solution is the point of the variety over prime eld; it is de ned by a sum of the polynomial ideal and the eld ideal that de nes prime eld. Some authors use partitioning of this sum and reducing syzygies of polynomial ...

Recently, many scholars have begun to estimate ideological preferences across time and institutions, analyzing data sets that are orders of magnitude larger than a canonical single-chamber roll call matrix for a single time period. To overcome the resulting computational challenges, we propose fast estimation methods for ideal points with massive data. Specifically, we derive the Expectation-Ma...

We fix the status quo (Q) and one of the bilateral bargaining agents to examine how shifting the opponent’s ideal point away from Q in a unidimensional space affects the Nash (NS) and the Kalai-Smorodinsky (KS) bargaining solutions. As anticipated, the bargainer whose ideal point is farthest from Q prefers an opponent whose ideal is closest to his own. On the other hand, the ranking of opponent...

In this paper, using N-structure, the notion of an N-ideal in a BE-algebra is introduced. To obtain a more general form of an N-ideal, a point N-structure which is (k-conditionally) employed in an N-structure is proposed. Using these notions, the concept of an ([e], [e]∨ [ck])-ideal is introduced and related properties are investigated. The notion ([e], [e]∨ [ck])-ideal is a generalization of (...

let $r$ be a commutative ring. the purpose of this article is to introduce a new class of ideals of r called weakly irreducible ideals. this class could be a generalization of the families quasi-primary ideals and strongly irreducible ideals. the relationships between the notions primary, quasi-primary, weakly irreducible, strongly irreducible and irreducible ideals, in different rings, has bee...

We prove the following result: Theorem. Every algebraic distributive lattice D with at most א1 compact elements is isomorphic to the ideal lattice of a von Neumann regular ring R. (By earlier results of the author, the א1 bound is optimal.) Therefore, D is also isomorphic to the congruence lattice of a sectionally complemented modular lattice L, namely, the principal right ideal lattice of R. F...

Authors who report ground reaction force (GRF), free moment (FM), and resultant joint moments usually normalize these variables by division normalization. Normalization parameters include body weight (BW), body weight x height (BWH), and body weight x leg length (BWL). The purpose of this study was to explore the appropriateness of division normalization, power curve normalization, and offset n...

in this paper, we define the notions of ultra and involution ideals in $bck$-algebras. then we get the relation among them and other ideals as (positive) implicative, associative, commutative and prime ideals. specially, we show that in a bounded implicative $bck$-algebra, any involution ideal is a positive implicative ideal and in a bounded positive implicative lower $bck$-semilattice, the not...

in this paper we investigate some hereditary properties of amenability modulo an ideal of banach algebras. we show that if (e) is a bounded approximate identity modulo i of a banach algebra a and x is a neo-unital modulo i, then (e) is a bounded approximate identity for x. moreover we show that amenability modulo an ideal of a banach algebra a can be only considered by the neo-unital modulo...