Abstract To illustrate Boltzmann’s construction of an entropy function that is defined for a microstate macroscopic system, we present here the simple example free expansion one dimensional gas non-interacting point particles. The requires to define macrostates, corresponding variables. We macrostate M by specifying fraction particles in rectangular boxes Δ x v single particle position-velocity...

OBJECTIVE To compare ideal PaO2 with PaO2 found, ideal PaO2/FiO2 of room air with the one found, and ideal FiO2 with FiO2 found in mechanically ventilated elderly patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study that evaluated elderly mechanically ventilated patients for at least 72 hours and who underwent three subsequent blood gas analyses. RESULTS The sample consisted of 48 elderly with mean age ...