The index datewas defined as the date of the first indicator of diabetes for cases and the date of selection for controls. The dose of ICSs was categorized as low (<251 mg/d, fluticasone propionate equivalents), medium (251-500 mg/d), high (>500 mg/d), or no use, and LABAwas classified as use (>_1 mg/d, salmeterol equivalents) or no use and measured on the index date. This study was approved by...

Abstract Owing to the development of industrial production, hidden danger in control systems (ICSs) has considerably increased, causing challenges traditional safety defense methods. The combination machine-learning or deep-learning algorithms and intrusion detection (IDSs) become mainstream method for solving this problem. However, these methods depend on a massive amount high-quality attack t...

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an alternative to endarterectomy (CEA) for treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery. The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) was a randomized trial comparing CAS with CEA in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. An analysis of short-term outcome data in ICSS revealed a significantly increased risk in the inci...

The involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is a matter of controversial debate. Using [Ca2+]i measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy and field recordings of EPSPs (fEPSPs) in the hippocampal CA1-region, we found that the efficacy of the broad-spectrum mGluR-antagonist (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) and of ...

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the usability of a new Internet-based Caregiver Support Service (ICSS) and evaluate its effects on health outcomes of Chinese Canadians who cared for a family member with dementia. Demographic and questionnaire data were collected from 28 participants, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 participants. Results showed that non-users reported ...

According to a report on industrial control system (ICS) security by ICS-CERT (2012), the number of incident reports in 2012 had multiplied to five times their 2010 level. The etiology of this rise is the integration of open and standardised technologies that are traditionally found in IT environments into ICS components, and the interconnection of ICSs to corporate networks and the internet. A...

It has been suggested that septal nuclei are important in the control of behavior during various reward and non-reward situations. In the present study, neuronal activity was recorded from rat septal nuclei during discrimination of conditioned sensory stimuli (CSs) of the medial forebrain bundle associated with or without a reward (sucrose solution or intracranial self-stimulation, ICSS). Rats ...

Drugs of abuse alter expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits (GluRs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key component of brain reward systems. The impact of this regulation on general motivational states is unclear. Here, we used herpes simplex virus vectors to examine how transient increases in the expression of GluR1 or GluR2 protein in the shell component of NAc affect the rewardi...

Today’s Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) operating in critical infrastructures (CIs) are becoming more and more complex, moreover they are extensively interconnected with corporate information systems for monitoring, management and maintenance. This increasingly exposes ICSs to modern advanced cyber threats. Existing security solutions try to prevent, detect, and react to cyber threats by empl...

In the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) experimentation, the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an electrode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. This ICSS has both a reward and a motivational component. Using the runway method and priming stimulation, we designed an experimental method ...