Evolution of Antarctic notothenioids in the frigid and oxygen-rich Southern Ocean had led to remarkable genomic changes, most notably the gain of novel antifreeze glycoproteins and the loss of oxygen-binding hemoproteins in the icefish family. Recently, the mitochondrial (mt) NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) gene and the adjacent transfer RNA(Glu) (tRNA(Glu)) were also reportedly lost. ND6 pr...

The recent assembly of the herring genome suggests this fish acquired its antifreeze protein gene by horizontal transfer and then passed a copy on to smelt. direction is confirmed some accompanying transposable elements breakage synteny. There widespread evidence for (HGT) (see Glossary) between single-celled organisms [1.Van Etten J. Bhattacharya D. Horizontal in eukaryotes: not if, but how mu...