ectopic cervical thymus (ect) is an essentially benign condition that is identified during the development of the thymus, and is rare among the adult population. thymic hyperplasia is another thymus-associated condition, which is known to occur secondary to hyperthyroidism. a 39-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism presented with an enlarging submandibular mass, which was diagnosed as a benign h...

purpose: suitable magnetic resonance imaging (mri) techniques from conventional to new devices can help physicians in diagnosis and follow up of multiple sclerosis (ms) patients. the aim of present research was to compare effectiveness of fluid attenuation inversion recovery (flair) sequence of conventional mri and diffuse weighted imaging (dwi) sequence as a new technique in detection of brain...

Modern challenges of food science require a new understanding of the determinants of food quality and safety. Application of advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has seen impressive successes and fast growth over the past decade. Since MRI does not have any harmful ionizing radiation, it can be considered as a magnificent tool for the quality control of food prod...

background and purpose: disc herniation leading to radiculopathy is one of the important differential diagnosis of low back pain which needs specific medical care. radiculopathies can be initially diagnosed by history taking and physical examination. however role of other diagnostic methods like magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and electromyography (emg) in narrowing differential diagnosis is w...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to degeneration of the brain and spinal tissue. imbalances of cd4+ t cells including thelper1 (th1)/thelper2 (th2) and thelper17 (th17)/tregulatory (treg), their secreted cytokines and gene expressions, are important aspects of in immunopathogenesis of ms. vitamin a and its metabolites can regulate the immune system and appear...

background iron-loaded cardiac complication is the essential cause of mortality in patients with thalassemia. early detection and treatment of cardiac over-load can reduce mortality. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum ferritin levels and t2* magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of heart and liver and liver iron concentration (lic) to diagnose iron over loa...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the dependency of magica polymer gel dosimeter response (r2) on different electron energies as well as on different mean dose rate for a standard clinically used linear accelerator. materials and methods: the sensitivity of the dosimeter was represented by the slope of calibration curve in the linear region measured for each modality. a cali...

background: in this work investigation of the normoxic pagat polymer gel dosimeter such as sensitivity, the r2-dose response with post time and the percentage depth dose (pdd) of pagat polymer gel dosimeter have been undertaken. materials and methods: using mri, the formulation to give the maximum change in the transverse relaxation rate r2 was determined to be 4.5% n,n'-methylenbis- acryl...

background: the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the advantages of gradient echo (gre) sequences in the detection and characterization of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis compared to conventional magnetic resonance sequences. methods: a total of 17 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (cvt) were evaluated using different magnetic resonance imaging (mri) sequences. the mri sequences i...

primary breast sarcoma is a rare disease of the breast that comprises a heterogeneous group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms, including angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, sarcomas with bone and cartilage, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. yet the exact incidence of primary breast sarcoma has not been reported, but it approximately accounts for less than 1% of all breas...