in extant islamic manuscripts we can find some observation reports of a black dot on the surface of the sun. these reports add that this dot should be the planet venus or mercury, transiting over the sun, showing that both of them are below the sphere of the sun. the research made so far on ibn sina’s report shows that it might relate to a really observed venus transit. quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (...

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iran’s small and medium enterprises (smes) have been widely introduced in the market these days. in the emerging trend of electronic data interchange, iran’s political, economical and social issues have been diverted to a more aggressive approach to the world of e-commerce, that despite the shadowing issues of the past, iran already internalized the promising craft of e-commerce through various...

I will focus on arguments against classical deductive and inductive logic (“relevantist” and “grue” arguments). The talk is mainly defensive. I won’t offer positive accounts of the “paradoxical” cases I will discuss (but, see “Extras”). I’ll begin with Harman’s defense of classical deductive logic against certain (epistemological) “relevantist” arguments. Then, I’ll argue that if you like Harma...

Because accountability is a central feature of many management practices, feeling accountable fact life in modern organizations. Accountability has been found to have beneficial outcom...

In this paper I will describe my findings from studying during last year the use of information technology in operating theatres. Based on these findings I will present focus shift analysis as a method for analyzing complex interaction, and discuss how the use of speech commands within the operating theatre are able to address some of the breakdown found with the focus shift analysis.