maternal iodine nutrition, and more recently, adequate maternal thyroid hormone is necessary during and after pregnancy to ensure the health of the mother and her offspring. Adequate maternal iodine nutrition must be maintained during pregnancy to meet the increased demand for thyroid hormone production that occurs with pregnancy. Maternal iodine supplies in the United States and in most of the...

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of fluoride on growth and thyroid function in young pigs. Three groups of eight crossbred barrows were exposed to 100, 250, and 400 mg F–/kg (from NaF) in their diets for 50 days. Compared to a control group of eight pigs, the average daily gain in weight was significantly reduced, and serum thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels also...

Iodine deficiency interferes with the prenatal and postnatal neurointellectual development of children through maternal, fetal and neonatal hypothyroxinemia. The purpose of this review is to provide information on clinical hypothyroidism in childhood and irreversible brain damage. We summarize the available clinical data on neurological, neuropathological and neuroimaging abnormalities due to v...

QUESTION I have a 27-year-old patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism in the 8th week of pregnancy. She received conflicting opinions regarding risk for her baby and wants to get more information. I also found conflicting information in the literature. How should I advise her? ANSWER Pregnant patients with untreated hypothyroidism are at increased risk of obstetric complications. Adequate treat...

The heterodimer thyrostimulin, comprised of two novel glycoprotein hormone subunits GPA2 and GPB5, activates the TSH receptor. To understand its role in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT-) axis, we evaluated juvenile and adult GPB5 knock-out (GPB5(-/-)) and wild type mice (WT) during euthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Surprisingly, juvenile euthyroid GPB5(-...

Although evidence suggests that maternal hypothyroidism and mild hypothyroxinemia during the first half of pregnancy alters fetal neurodevelopment among euthyroid offspring, little data are available from later in gestation. In this study, we measured free T4 using direct equilibrium dialysis, as well as total T4 and TSH in 287 pregnant women at 27 weeks' gestation. We also assessed cognition, ...

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is a widespread public health concern, but indicators and methods for assessing iodine nutritional status are lacking. Serum concentration (SIC) an important metabolism biomarker can, to some extent, predict the risk of thyroid diseases, making it potential individual nutrition levels. Our study aimed analyze relationship between SIC function in cohort mild de...