Psychological stress is thought to contribute to reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV). Although several animal models have been developed in an effort to reproduce different pathogenic aspects of HSV keratitis or labialis, until now, no good animal model existed in which application of a psychological laboratory stressor results in reliable reactivation of the virus. Reported herei...

An impaired ability to sense and respond to drug-induced hypoglycemia is a common and serious complication in diabetic patients. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity plays a critical role in the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia. We herein report a case that experienced restoration of a blunted HPA axis by avoiding hypoglycemia with the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor sita...

Rat, monkey, and human infants have evolved to expect certain patterns of care. Spontaneous or experimental deviations of care from the norm result in infant stress responses. Hyperactivity of immature stress systems such as the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the limbic-sympatho-adrenomedullary axis can alter their subsequent reactivity across the life span.

Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the main biochemical change, besides disturbed monoaminergic neurotransmission, observed in the patients suffering from a major depression. High incidence of depression in Cushing's syndrome as well as antidepressant effects of adrenocortical enzyme inhibitors in major depression support hypothesis that hyperactivity of HPA axis may ...

Background Preclinical and some clinical studies suggest a relationship between perturbation in magnesium homeostasis and pathological anxiety, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since there is evidence that Mg modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we tested whether enhanced anxiety-like behaviour can be reliably elicited by dietary Mg restriction and ...

the brain. Several studies have indicated that the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) function in the brain. The 5-HT receptor subtypes, particularly 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, have been postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Some clinical studies have demonstrated increases in the number of ...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role in regulating and controlling immune responses. Dysfunction of the HPA axis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases. The impact of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy on HPA axis function also remains a matter of concern, particularly for longer treatment duration. Knowledge o...

Aldosterone is a cardiovascular hormone with key role in blood pressure regulation, among other processes, mediated through its targeting of the mineralocorticoid receptor renal tubule and selected tissues. Its secretion from adrenal gland highly controlled process subject to regulatory influence renin–angiotensin system hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. MicroRNAs are small endogenous non-co...

The purpose of this study was to identify whether cortisol reactivity to a stressful laboratory event was related to children's memory of that event and to determine whether this relation was comparable to that observed in adults. Nine- to 12-year-olds and young adults completed an impromptu speech and math task during which repeated cortisol samples and self-reported stress ratings were collec...

Objective(s) The mechanism(s) by which antidepressants regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remain elusive. The endocannabinoid system (eCBs) which exhibits antidepressant potential, appears to regulate the HPA axis activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the eCBs in the action of doxepin including its effect on the HPA axis. Materials and Methods Male Wist...